Ta có với a,b,c,d là các số thực khác 0 

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a-b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b-c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c-d}{d}=\frac{b+c+d-a}{a}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a-b+c+d}{b}+1=\frac{a+b-c+d}{c}+1=\frac{a+b+c-d}{d}+1=\frac{b+c+d-a}{a}+1\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c}{d}=\frac{b+c+d}{a}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có: 

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c}{d}=\frac{b+c+d}{a}=\frac{3\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=3\)

Ta có M= \(\left(\frac{a+c+d}{b}\right)\left(\frac{a+b+d}{c}\right)\left(\frac{a+b+c}{d}\right)\left(\frac{b+c+d}{a}\right)\)

=> M= 3.3.3.3 

=> M =81

Áp dụng TC cuae DTSBN ta có:

a-b+c+d/b = a+b-c+d/c = a+b+c-d/d = b+c+d-a/a = \(\frac{a-b+c+d+a+b-c+d+a+b+c-d+b+c+d-a}{b+c+d+a}=\frac{3\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=3\)

=> a-b+c+d/b = 3 => a-b+c+d = 3b => a+c+d = 4b

a+b-c+d/c = 3 => a+b-c+d = 3c => a+b+d = 4c

a+b+c-d/d = 3 => a+b+c-d = 3d => a+b+c = 4d

b+c+d-a/a = 3 => b+c+d-a = 3a => b+c+d = 4a

=> M = \(\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b+d\right)\left(b+c+d\right)\left(c+d+a\right)}{abcd}=\frac{4d.4c.4a.4b}{abcd}=\frac{256abcd}{abcd}=256\)

Vậy M = 256

Theo đề ra, ta có: 

\(\frac{a+c+d}{b}-1=\frac{a+b+d}{c}-1=\frac{a+b+c}{d}-1=\frac{b+c+d}{a}-1\)

\(\rightarrow\frac{a+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c}{d}=\frac{b+c+d}{a}=\frac{3\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=3\)

(Áp dụng dãy tỉ số bằng nhau)

Ta có:

\(M=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b+d\right)\left(b+c+d\right)\left(c+d+a\right)}{abcd}=3^4=81\)

b, \(\frac{a+b}{a+b+c}>\frac{a+b}{a+b+c+d}\); \(\frac{b+c}{b+c+a}>\frac{b+c}{a+b+c+d}\)

 \(\frac{c+d}{c+d+a}>\frac{c+d}{a+b+c+d};\frac{d+a}{a+d+b}>\frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}\)

Cộng các bĐT trên

=> \(B>\frac{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=2\)

Ta  có Với \(0< \frac{x}{y}< 1\)

=> \(\frac{x}{y}< \frac{x+z}{y+z}\)

Áp dụng ta có 

\(B>\frac{a+b+d}{a+b+c+d}+...+\frac{d+a+c}{a+b+c+d}=3\)

Vậy 2<B<3

Đặt \(A=\left(\frac{a}{b}+1\right)\left(\frac{b}{c}+1\right)\left(\frac{c}{d}+1\right)\left(\frac{d}{a}+1\right)\)

\(\frac{-a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a-b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b-c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c-d}{d}=\frac{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=2\)( tc dãy tỉ số bằng nhau )

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}-a+b+c+d=2a\\a-b+c+d=2b\\a+b-c+d=2c\end{cases}}\)và \(a+b+c-d=2d\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b+c+d=4a\\a+b+c+d=4b\\a+b+c+d=4c\end{cases}}\)và \(a+b+c+d=4d\)

\(\Rightarrow4a=4b=4c=4d\)

\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=d\)thay vào bt A ta được:

\(A=2.2.2.2=16\)

\(1)\)\(\frac{\overline{ab}}{b}=\frac{\overline{bc}}{c}=\frac{\overline{ca}}{a}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{10a+b}{b}=\frac{10b+c}{c}=\frac{10c+a}{a}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{10a}{b}=\frac{10b}{c}=\frac{10c}{a}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có : 

\(\frac{10a}{b}=\frac{10b}{c}=\frac{10c}{a}=\frac{10a+10b+10c}{a+b+c}=\frac{10\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=10\)

Do đó : 

\(\frac{10a}{b}=10\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b\)

\(\frac{10b}{c}=10\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(b=c\)

\(\frac{10c}{a}=10\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(c=a\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(a=b=c\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(A=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)+2016=2016\)

\(2)\)\(\frac{\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}}{a+b}=\frac{\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}}{b+c}=\frac{\overline{ca}+\overline{ab}}{c+a}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có : 

\(\frac{\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}}{a+b}=\frac{\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}}{b+c}=\frac{\overline{ca}+\overline{ab}}{c+a}=\frac{2\left(\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}\right)}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}}{a+b+c}\)

\(=\frac{10a+b+10b+c+10c+a}{a+b+c}=\frac{11a+11b+11c}{a+b+c}=\frac{11\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=11\)

Do đó : 

\(\frac{\overline{ab}+\overline{bc}}{a+b}=11\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(10a+11b+c=11a+11b\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(c=a\)

\(\frac{\overline{bc}+\overline{ca}}{b+c}=11\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(10b+11c+a=11b+11c\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b\)

\(\frac{\overline{ca}+\overline{ab}}{c+a}=11\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(10c+11a+b=11c+11a\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(b=c\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(a=b=c\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(M=\left(\frac{b}{a}+1\right)\left(\frac{c}{b}+1\right)\left(\frac{a}{c}+1\right)+2016=2.2.2+2016=2024\)

Chúc bạn học tốt ~ 

Ta có: \(\frac{a}{b+c+d}=\frac{b}{a+c+d}=\frac{c}{a+b+d}=\frac{d}{a+b+c}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c+d}+1=\frac{b}{a+c+d}+1=\frac{c}{a+b+d}+1=\frac{d}{a+b+c}+1\)

hay \(\frac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+c+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c}\)

Do các tử số trên bằng nhau nên các mẫu số cũng bằng nhau hay \(b+c+d=a+c+d=a+b+d=a+b+c\)

Suy ra a = b =c =d

\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{a+b}{c+d}+\frac{b+c}{a+d}+\frac{c+d}{a+b}+\frac{d+a}{b+c}=1+1+1+1=4\)

\(3)\)\(\frac{a}{b+c+d}=\frac{b}{a+c+d}=\frac{c}{a+b+d}=\frac{d}{a+b+c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a}{b+c+d}+1=\frac{b}{a+c+d}+1=\frac{c}{a+b+d}+1=\frac{d}{a+b+c}+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+c+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c}\)

Vì các tử bằng nhau nên mẫu cũng bằng nhau : 

+) Với \(b+c+d=a+c+d\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b\)

+) Với \(a+b+d=a+b+c\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(c=d\)

+) Với \(a+c+d=a+b+d\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(b=c\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(a=b=c=d\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(A=\frac{a+b}{c+d}+\frac{b+c}{a+d}+\frac{c+d}{a+b}+\frac{d+a}{b+c}=1+1+1+1=4\)

Chúc bạn học tốt ~ 

Xét \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}-\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-b\)

Tương tự, ta được: \(\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}-\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}=b-c\); \(\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}-\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}=c-a\)

Cộng theo vế của 3 đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(\left(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)\)\(-\left(\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)\(=\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)

Ta đi chứng minh BĐT phụ sau: \(a^2-ab+b^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\)(*)

Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)*đúng*

\(\Rightarrow2LHS=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^3+b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\)\(\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{1}{3}\text{​​}\Sigma_{cyc}\left[\left(a+b\right)\right]=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow LHS\ge\frac{a+b+c}{3}=RHS\)(Q.E.D)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c

P/S: Có thể dùng BĐT phụ ở câu 3a để chứng minhxD:

1) ta chứng minh được \(\Sigma\frac{a^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}=\Sigma\frac{b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)

\(VT=\frac{1}{2}\Sigma\frac{a^4+b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{4}\Sigma\frac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{1}{8}\Sigma\left(a+b\right)=\frac{a+b+c+d}{4}\)

bài 2 xem có ghi nhầm ko

3a biến đổi tí là xong

b tuong tự bài 1